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Protecting fertility amid cancer treatment: What you need to know

When someone is diagnosed with cancer, one of the biggest concerns beyond fighting the disease can be future fertility. This is where the field of oncofertility comes into play. Oncofertility is a specialised area of medicine that bridges oncology and reproductive research. It aims to give patients options to safeguard their fertility before starting cancer treatments.

Effects of cancer therapies on fertility

Cancer treatments such as chemotherapy, radiation and certain surgeries, can have serious side effects on reproductive health. Chemotherapy drugs, especially those categorised as alkylating agents, can damage the ovaries or sperm production. Radiation therapy near the pelvic area can lower fertility and surgeries involving reproductive organs can have even stronger effects. It’s important for patients who want children in the future to understand these risks.

Options for women to preserve their fertility

Women have several options to consider for fertility preservation.

• Egg freezing (Oocyte cryopreservation): This is the most common method which involves the extraction and freezing of unfertilised eggs for future use.
• Embryo freezing: Similar to egg freezing, but the eggs are fertilised with sperm before freezing, creating embryos that can be stored.
• Ovarian tissue freezing: This is an experimental procedure where a portion of ovarian tissue is removed, frozen and re-implanted after treatment.
• Ovarian suppression: Medications like GnRH agonists may be used during chemotherapy to help protect the ovaries.

Male fertility preservation options

Men also have viable options to consider.

• Sperm banking: The most established and effective method for men. Sperm is collected and frozen for future use.
• Testicular tissue freezing: An experimental method where testicular tissue containing stem cells is removed and frozen for future use. Right now, it’s being studied for boys who are starting cancer treatment that may affect their future fertility.

Fertility preservation offers hope to individuals diagnosed with cancer who wish to have children after treatment. Oncofertility continues to grow as a field, providing more personalised and effective solutions that help ensure patients can look forward to a fulfilling life after cancer.

We hope this information has been helpful. For OBG professionals eager to expand their knowledge in reproductive medicine, StudyREPRO is here to support you. Our courses are designed to enhance your expertise and advance your career. To learn more, reach out to our team today.

Authored By: Sarath